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Comment: Summarize #5732
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Summarize #6000, #6167, #6093, #6050, #5931
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* FIXME: summarize #5404 | * Deprecate the function {{{numerical_sqrt()}}} (Robert Bradshaw, John H. Palmieri) -- The function {{{numerical_sqrt()}}} in {{{sage/misc/functional.py}}} is now deprecated. Users are advised to instead use {{{sqrt()}}}. |
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* FIXME: summarize #6000 * FIXME: summarize #6167 * FIXME: summarize #6093 * FIXME: summarize #6050 * FIXME: summarize #5931 * FIXME: summarize #5925 |
* Sets enumerated by exploring a search space with a (lazy) tree or graph structure (Nicolas Thiery) -- Extend the {{{sage.combinat.backtrack}}} library with other generic tools for constructing large sets whose elements can be enumerated by exploring a search space with a (lazy) tree or graph structure. The following generic utilities have been added: 1. {{{SearchForest}}}: Depth first search through a tree descrived by a "child" function. 1. {{{GenericBacktracker}}}: Depth first search through a tree descrived by a "child" function, with branch pruning, etc. 1. {{{TransitiveIdeal}}}: Depth first search through a graph described by a "neighbours" relation. 1. {{{TransitiveIdealGraded}}}: Breath first search through a graph described by a "neighbours" relation. * The Sloane sequence A000008 (Joanna Gaski) -- The [[http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A000008|Sloane sequence A000008]] is concerned with the number of ways of making change for {{{n}}} cents where one is restricted to using only coins of denominations 1, 2, 5, and 10 cents. This is contained in the new class {{{A000008}}} in {{{sage/combinat/sloane_functions.py}}}. Here are some examples on using this class: {{{ sage: a = sloane.A000008; a Number of ways of making change for n cents using coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 cents. sage: a(0) 1 sage: a(1) 1 sage: a(13) 16 sage: a.list(14) [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16] }}} * Read {{{ext_rep}}} format of combinatorial designs (Carlo Hamalainen) -- The new module {{{sage/combinat/designs/ext_rep.py}}} is an API to the abstract tree represented by an XML document containing the External Representation of a list of block designs. The relevant combinatorial designs are read from the online database at [[http://designtheory.org/database]]. This module also provides the related I/O operations for reading and writing ext-rep files or data. The parsing is based on {{{expat}}}. * Dynkin diagram ASCII art for reducible Cartan types (Dan Bump) -- Here are some examples on such ASCII art: {{{ sage: CartanType("F4xA2").dynkin_diagram() O---O=>=O---O 1 2 3 4 O---O 5 6 F4xA2 sage: t = CartanType("A2xB2xF4") sage: dd = DynkinDiagram(t); dd O---O 1 2 O=>=O 3 4 O---O=>=O---O 5 6 7 8 A2xB2xF4 }}} * Speed-up computation in symmetric algebra group (Dan Christensen) -- The previous code essentially reimplemented the multiplication in the group algebra. Now it accumulates the symmetrizers and antisymmetrizers separately, and then does one multiplication at the end. This probably results in the same number of operations, but it avoids creating many intermediate objects. The speed-up can be up to ... * Improve speed of combinatorial algebra multiplication (Dan Christensen) -- The speed-up concerns the method {{{multiply()}}} of the class {{{CombinatorialAlgebra}}} in {{{sage/combinat/combinatorial_algebra.py}}}. |
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* FIXME: summarize #6208 | * Improving the GAP interface by pre-compiling certain regular expressions (Simon King) -- The speed-up in the GAP interface is now up to 37% faster than previously. The following timing statistics were obtained using the machine sage.math: {{{ # BEFORE sage: G = SymmetricGroup(7) sage: g = G._gap_() sage: l = g.Elements() sage: time L = [gap.eval(l.name() + '[%d]^2' % (i)) for i in xrange(1, 7.factorial() + 1)] CPU times: user 1.90 s, sys: 0.16 s, total: 2.06 s Wall time: 2.08 s # AFTER sage: G = SymmetricGroup(7) sage: g = G._gap_() sage: l = g.Elements() sage: time L = [gap.eval(l.name() + '[%d]^2' % (i)) for i in xrange(1, 7.factorial() + 1)] CPU times: user 1.07 s, sys: 0.22 s, total: 1.29 s Wall time: 1.31 s }}} |
Sage 4.0.1 Release Tour
Sage 4.0.1 was released on FIXME. For the official, comprehensive release note, please refer to FIXME. A nicely formatted version of this release tour can be found at FIXME. The following points are some of the foci of this release:
Algebra
Factoring rational functions (Soroosh Yazdani) -- New method factor() in the class FractionFieldElement of sage/rings/fraction_field_element.pyx to return the factorization of self over the base ring. Here's an example for working with this new method:
sage: K.<x> = QQ["x"] sage: f = (x^3 + x) / (x-3) sage: f.factor() (x - 3)^-1 * x * (x^2 + 1)
Faster basis_matrix() for ambient modules (John Cremona) -- The speed-up can be up to 376x faster than previously. The following timing statistics were obtained using the machine sage.math:
# BEFORE sage: K = FreeModule(ZZ, 2000) sage: %time I = K.basis_matrix() CPU times: user 292.74 s, sys: 20.11 s, total: 312.85 s Wall time: 312.90 s # AFTER sage: K = FreeModule(ZZ, 2000) sage: %time I = K.basis_matrix() CPU times: user 0.41 s, sys: 0.43 s, total: 0.84 s Wall time: 0.83 s
Optimize the construction of Lagrange interpolation polynomials (Minh Van Nguyen) -- Rewrite the method lagrange_polynomial() in the class PolynomialRing_field of sage/rings/polynomial/polynomial_ring.py for generating the n-th Lagrange interpolation polynomial. The method now provides two new options:
algorithm --- (default: divided_difference) If algorithm="divided_difference", then use the method of divided difference. If algorithm="neville", then use a variant of Neville's method to recursively generate the n-th Lagrange interpolation polynomial. This adaptation of Neville's method is more memory efficient than the original Neville's method, since the former doesn't generate the full Neville table resulting from Neville's recursive procedure. Instead the adaptation only keeps track of the current and previous rows of the said table.
previous_row --- (default: None) This is only relevant if used together with algorithm="neville". Here "previous row" refers to the last row in the Neville table that was obtained from a previous computation of an n-th Lagrange interpolation polynomial using Neville's method. If the last row is provided, then use a memory efficient variant of Neville's method to recursively generate a better interpolation polynomial from the results of previous computation.
There's also the new method divided_difference() to compute the Newton divided-difference coefficients of the n-th Lagrange interpolation polynomial. The following are some timing statistics obtained using sage.math. When the results of previous computations are fed to lagrange_polynomial in order to produce better interpolation polynomials, we can gain an efficiency of up to 42%.
# BEFORE # using the definition of Lagrange interpolation polynomial sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: %timeit R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2),(3,-2),(-4,9)]) 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.71 ms per loop sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2**3,'a'), 'x') sage: a = R.base_ring().gen() sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1),(a^2,a^2+a+1)])") 625 loops, best of 3: 233 µs per loop # without using precomputed values to generate successively better interpolation polynomials sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2)])"); 625 loops, best of 3: 571 µs per loop sage: # add two more points sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2),(3,-2),(-4,9)])"); 125 loops, best of 3: 2.29 ms per loop sage: sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2**3,'a'), 'x') sage: a = R.base_ring().gen() sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1)])") 625 loops, best of 3: 76.1 µs per loop sage: # add another point sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1),(a^2,a^2+a+1)])") 625 loops, best of 3: 229 µs per loop sage: sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: points = [(random(), random()) for i in xrange(100)] sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points); CPU times: user 1.21 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 1.21 s Wall time: 1.21 s sage: # add three more points sage: for i in xrange(3): points.append((random(), random())) ....: sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points); CPU times: user 1.28 s, sys: 0.01 s, total: 1.29 s Wall time: 1.29 s sage: # add another 100 points sage: for i in xrange(100): points.append((random(), random())) ....: sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points); CPU times: user 5.87 s, sys: 0.02 s, total: 5.89 s Wall time: 5.89 s # AFTER # using the method of divided-difference sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: %timeit R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2),(3,-2),(-4,9)]) 1000 loops, best of 3: 827 µs per loop sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2**3,'a'), 'x') sage: a = R.base_ring().gen() sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1),(a^2,a^2+a+1)])") 625 loops, best of 3: 111 µs per loop # using precomputed values to generate successively better interpolation polynomials sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2)], neville=True)"); 625 loops, best of 3: 332 µs per loop sage: p = R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2)], neville=True); sage: # add two more points sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(0,1),(2,2),(3,-2),(-4,9)], neville=True, previous_row=p)"); 625 loops, best of 3: 1.41 ms per loop sage: sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(2**3,'a'), 'x') sage: a = R.base_ring().gen() sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1)], neville=True)"); 625 loops, best of 3: 36.4 µs per loop sage: p = R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1)], neville=True); sage: # add another point sage: timeit("R.lagrange_polynomial([(a^2+a,a),(a,1),(a^2,a^2+a+1)], neville=True, previous_row=p)"); 625 loops, best of 3: 131 µs per loop sage: sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 'x') sage: points = [(random(), random()) for i in xrange(100)] sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points, neville=True); CPU times: user 1.26 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 1.26 s Wall time: 1.26 s sage: p = R.lagrange_polynomial(points, neville=True); sage: # add three more points sage: for i in xrange(3): points.append((random(), random())) ....: sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points, neville=True, previous_row=p); CPU times: user 0.09 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 0.09 s Wall time: 0.08 s sage: p = R.lagrange_polynomial(points, neville=True, previous_row=p) sage: # add another 100 points sage: for i in xrange(100): points.append((random(), random())) ....: sage: time R.lagrange_polynomial(points, neville=True, previous_row=p); CPU times: user 4.62 s, sys: 0.00 s, total: 4.62 s Wall time: 4.62 s
Algebraic Geometry
- FIXME: summarize #5948
Basic Arithmetic
Speed overhaul for digits, exact_log and ndigits (Joel B. Mohler) -- Speed-up for the cases where the method exact_log can conveniently be computed by log 2 estimation. In some cases, time efficiency can be up to 927x faster than previously. The following timing statistics were obtained using the machine sage.math:
# BEFORE sage: n = 5^1000 sage: m = 2975982357823879528793587928793592 sage: %timeit n.exact_log(m) 1000 loops, best of 3: 205 µs per loop sage: n = 5^50 sage: m = 33 sage: %timeit n.exact_log(m) 10000 loops, best of 3: 29.6 µs per loop sage: def zlog(m, n, k): ....: for i in xrange(0, m/1000): ....: a = ZZ.random_element(n) + 2 ....: b = ZZ.random_element(k) ....: c = a^b ....: for i in xrange (0, 1000): ....: c.exact_log(a) ....: sage: time zlog(100000, 2^100, 100) CPU times: user 22.59 s, sys: 0.12 s, total: 22.71 s Wall time: 22.70 s sage: time zlog(100000, 100, 100) CPU times: user 3.45 s, sys: 0.02 s, total: 3.47 s Wall time: 3.47 s # AFTER sage: n = 5^1000 sage: m = 2975982357823879528793587928793592 sage: %timeit n.exact_log(m) 1000000 loops, best of 3: 221 ns per loop sage: n = 5^50 sage: m = 33 sage: %timeit n.exact_log(m) 1000000 loops, best of 3: 526 ns per loop sage: def zlog(m, n, k): ....: for i in xrange(0, m/1000): ....: a = ZZ.random_element(n) + 2 ....: b = ZZ.random_element(k) ....: c = a^b ....: for i in xrange (0, 1000): ....: c.exact_log(a) ....: sage: time zlog(100000, 2^100, 100) CPU times: user 1.96 s, sys: 0.02 s, total: 1.98 s Wall time: 1.99 s sage: time zlog(100000, 100, 100) CPU times: user 0.05 s, sys: 0.01 s, total: 0.06 s Wall time: 0.05 s
Calculus
Deprecate the function numerical_sqrt() (Robert Bradshaw, John H. Palmieri) -- The function numerical_sqrt() in sage/misc/functional.py is now deprecated. Users are advised to instead use sqrt().
Combinatorics
Sets enumerated by exploring a search space with a (lazy) tree or graph structure (Nicolas Thiery) -- Extend the sage.combinat.backtrack library with other generic tools for constructing large sets whose elements can be enumerated by exploring a search space with a (lazy) tree or graph structure. The following generic utilities have been added:
SearchForest: Depth first search through a tree descrived by a "child" function.
GenericBacktracker: Depth first search through a tree descrived by a "child" function, with branch pruning, etc.
TransitiveIdeal: Depth first search through a graph described by a "neighbours" relation.
TransitiveIdealGraded: Breath first search through a graph described by a "neighbours" relation.
The Sloane sequence A000008 (Joanna Gaski) -- The Sloane sequence A000008 is concerned with the number of ways of making change for n cents where one is restricted to using only coins of denominations 1, 2, 5, and 10 cents. This is contained in the new class A000008 in sage/combinat/sloane_functions.py. Here are some examples on using this class:
sage: a = sloane.A000008; a Number of ways of making change for n cents using coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 cents. sage: a(0) 1 sage: a(1) 1 sage: a(13) 16 sage: a.list(14) [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16]
Read ext_rep format of combinatorial designs (Carlo Hamalainen) -- The new module sage/combinat/designs/ext_rep.py is an API to the abstract tree represented by an XML document containing the External Representation of a list of block designs. The relevant combinatorial designs are read from the online database at http://designtheory.org/database. This module also provides the related I/O operations for reading and writing ext-rep files or data. The parsing is based on expat.
- Dynkin diagram ASCII art for reducible Cartan types (Dan Bump) -- Here are some examples on such ASCII art:
sage: CartanType("F4xA2").dynkin_diagram() O---O=>=O---O 1 2 3 4 O---O 5 6 F4xA2 sage: t = CartanType("A2xB2xF4") sage: dd = DynkinDiagram(t); dd O---O 1 2 O=>=O 3 4 O---O=>=O---O 5 6 7 8 A2xB2xF4
- Speed-up computation in symmetric algebra group (Dan Christensen) -- The previous code essentially reimplemented the multiplication in the group algebra. Now it accumulates the symmetrizers and antisymmetrizers separately, and then does one multiplication at the end. This probably results in the same number of operations, but it avoids creating many intermediate objects. The speed-up can be up to ...
Improve speed of combinatorial algebra multiplication (Dan Christensen) -- The speed-up concerns the method multiply() of the class CombinatorialAlgebra in sage/combinat/combinatorial_algebra.py.
Commutative Algebra
- FIXME: summarize #6120
Geometry
Graph Theory
Graphics
- FIXME: summarize #6184
- FIXME: summarize #5599
Group Theory
Interfaces
- Improving the GAP interface by pre-compiling certain regular expressions (Simon King) -- The speed-up in the GAP interface is now up to 37% faster than previously. The following timing statistics were obtained using the machine sage.math:
# BEFORE sage: G = SymmetricGroup(7) sage: g = G._gap_() sage: l = g.Elements() sage: time L = [gap.eval(l.name() + '[%d]^2' % (i)) for i in xrange(1, 7.factorial() + 1)] CPU times: user 1.90 s, sys: 0.16 s, total: 2.06 s Wall time: 2.08 s # AFTER sage: G = SymmetricGroup(7) sage: g = G._gap_() sage: l = g.Elements() sage: time L = [gap.eval(l.name() + '[%d]^2' % (i)) for i in xrange(1, 7.factorial() + 1)] CPU times: user 1.07 s, sys: 0.22 s, total: 1.29 s Wall time: 1.31 s
Linear Algebra
Miscellaneous
- FIXME: summarize #5967
- FIXME: summarize #5483
- FIXME: summarize #6139
Modular Forms
- FIXME: summarize #5995
Notebook
- FIXME: summarize #4575
- FIXME: summarize #5895
Number Theory
- FIXME: summarize #133
- FIXME: summarize #6021
- FIXME: summarize #6206
Numerical
- FIXME: summarize #5827
Packages
- FIXME: summarize #5840
- FIXME: summarize #6173
- FIXME: summarize #5817
- FIXME: summarize #6156
- FIXME: summarize #6169
- FIXME: summarize #6209
- FIXME: summarize #6219
P-adics
Quadratic Forms
Symbolics
- FIXME: summarize #6144
- FIXME: summarize #6194
Topology
- FIXME: summarize #6141