Differences between revisions 47 and 59 (spanning 12 versions)
⇤ ← Revision 47 as of 2014-12-20 19:59:47 →
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Editor: akhi
Comment:
← Revision 59 as of 2014-12-23 04:52:35 → ⇥
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Editor: akhi
Comment:
Deletions are marked like this. Additions are marked like this.
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= Multiple Zeta Values = = Multiple Zeta Values or Euler-Zagier numbers =
Line 874: Line 874:
== Word to composition ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( weight=(7,(2..30))):
 n=weight
 a=[0 for i in range(n-1)]
 a.append(1)
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def bintocomp(a):
 b=[]
 count=1
 for j in range(len(a)):
  if(a[j]==0):
   count=count+1
  else:
   b.append(count)
   count=1
 return(b)
  print "Composition is ",bintocomp(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi2.png}}
== Composition to Word ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( Depth=(7,(1..30))):
 n=Depth
 a=[]
 a.append(2)
 a=a+[1 for i in range(1,n)]
 @interact
 def _(v=('composition', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def comptobin(a):
 word=[]
 for i in range(len(a)):
  word=word+[0]*(a[i]-1)+[1]
 return(word)

  print "Word is ",comptobin(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi3.png}}
== Dual of a Word ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( weight=(7,(2..30))):
 n=weight
 a=[0 for i in range(n-1)]
 a.append(1)
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def dual(a):
 b=list()
 b=a
 b=b[::-1]
 for i in range(len(b)):
  b[i]=1-b[i]
 return(b)

  print "Dual word is ",dual(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi4.png}}


== Computing Multiple Zeta values ==		 == Computing Multiple Zeta values (Euler-Zagier numbers) ==
Line 1071: Line 1002:
== Program to Compute Integer Relation between Multiple Zeta Values (Euler-Zagier numbers) ==
{{{#!sagecell
from mpmath import *
print "Enter the number of composition"
@interact
def _( n=(5,(2..20))):
 a=[]
 for i in range(n):
        a.append([i+2,1])
 print "In each box Enter composition as an array"
 @interact
 def _(v=('Compositions', input_box( default=a, to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x)))), accuracy=(100..100000)):
  D=accuracy
  R=RealField(10)
  a=v
  def comptobin(a):
        word=[]
        for i in range(len(a)):
                word=word+[0]*(a[i]-1)+[1]
        return(word)
  DD=int(D)+int(R(log(3.321928*D))/R(log(10)))+4
  RIF=RealIntervalField(DD)
  mp.dps=DD
  def Li(word):
        n=int(DD*log(10)/log(2))+1
        B=[]
        L=[]
        S=[]
        count=-1
        k=len(word)
        for i in range(k):
                B.append(mpf('0'))
                L.append(mpf('0'))
                if(word[i]==1 and i<k-1):
                        S.append(mpf('0'))
                        count=count+1
        T=mpf('1')
        for m in range(n):
                T=T/2
                B[k-1]=mpf('1')/(m+1)
                j=count
                for i in range(k-2,-1,-1):
                        if(word[i]==0):
                                B[i]=B[i+1]/(m+1)
                        elif(word[i]==1):
                                B[i]=S[j]/(m+1)
                                S[j]=S[j]+B[i+1]
                                j=j-1
                        L[i]=T*B[i]+L[i]
                L[k-1]=T*B[k-1]+L[k-1]
        return(L)
  def dual(a):
        b=list()
        b=a
        b=b[::-1]
        for i in range(len(b)):
                b[i]=1-b[i]
        return(b)
  def zeta(a):
        b=dual(a)
        l1=Li(a)+[1]
        l2=Li(b)+[1]
        Z=mpf('0')
        for i in range(len(l1)):
                Z=Z+l1[i]*l2[len(a)-i]
        return(Z)
  zet=[]
  for i in range(n):
        zet.append((zeta(comptobin(a[i]))))
        print "zeta(",a[i],")=",zet[i]
  u=pslq(zet,tol=10**-D,maxcoeff=100,maxsteps=10000)
  print "the Intger Relation between the above zeta values given by the vector"
  print u
}}}
{{attachment:akhi10.png}}
== Word to composition ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( weight=(7,(2..30))):
 n=weight
 a=[0 for i in range(n-1)]
 a.append(1)
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def bintocomp(a):
 b=[]
 count=1
 for j in range(len(a)):
  if(a[j]==0):
   count=count+1
  else:
   b.append(count)
   count=1
 return(b)
  print "Composition is ",bintocomp(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi2.png}}
== Composition to Word ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( Depth=(7,(1..30))):
 n=Depth
 a=[]
 a.append(2)
 a=a+[1 for i in range(1,n)]
 @interact
 def _(v=('composition', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def comptobin(a):
 word=[]
 for i in range(len(a)):
  word=word+[0]*(a[i]-1)+[1]
 return(word)

  print "Word is ",comptobin(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi3.png}}
== Dual of a Word ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( weight=(7,(2..30))):
 n=weight
 a=[0 for i in range(n-1)]
 a.append(1)
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, n, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def dual(a):
 b=list()
 b=a
 b=b[::-1]
 for i in range(len(b)):
  b[i]=1-b[i]
 return(b)

  print "Dual word is ",dual(a)
}}}

{{attachment:akhi4.png}}


== Shuffle product of two Words ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( w1=(2,(2..20)), w2=(2,(2..20))):
 a=[0]
 b=[0 for i in range(w2-1)]
 a=a+[1 for i in range(1,w1)]
 b=b+[1]
 import itertools
 #this program gives the list of all binary words of weight n and depth k
 @interact
 def _(v1=('word1', input_grid(1, w1, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x)))), v2=('word2', input_grid(1, w2, default=[b], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v1[i] for i in range(len(v1))]
  b=[v2[i] for i in range(len(v2))]
  def kbits(n, k):
    result = []
    for bits in itertools.combinations(range(n), k):
        s = ['0'] * n
        for bit in bits:
            s[bit] = '1'
        result.append(''.join(s))
    return result
  def sort(a,l,m):
        b=[]
        n=len(a)
        for i in range(n):
                b.append(a[i])
        for j in range(l-1,-1,-1):
                k=0
                for t in range(m+1):
                        for i in range(n):
                                if(a[i][j]== t):
                                        b[k]=a[i]
                                        k=k+1
                for i in range(n):
                        a[i]=b[i]
        return(a)
  def count(a):
        n=len(a)
        b=[]
        b.append(a[0])
        m=[]
        m.append(1)
        c=0
        for i in range(1,n):
                if(a[i]==a[i-1]):
                        m[c]=m[c]+1
                else:
                        b.append(a[i])
                        m.append(1)
                        c=c+1
        return(b,m)
  def shuffle(a,b):
        r=len(a)
        s=len(b)
        # Generating an array of strings containing all combinations of weight r+s and depth s
        M=kbits(r+s,s)
        n=len(M)
        a1= []
        for i in range(n):
                a1.append(list(M[i]))
        # The zeroes are replaced by the entries of a and the ones by the entries of b
        a2= []
        for i in range(n):
                a2.append([])
                count0=0
                count1=0
                for j in range(s+r):
                        if(a1[i][j]=='0'):
                                a2[i].append(a[count0])
                                count0=count0+1
                        if(a1[i][j]=='1'):
                                a2[i].append(b[count1])
                                count1=count1+1
        # Reordering in lexicographic order the entries of a2: this is done by first reordering them according to the last digit, then the next to last digit, etc
        a3=sort(a2,r+s,max(a+b+[0]))
        # Getting the same list without repetitions and with multiplicities
        a4=count(a3)
        return(a4)
  c=shuffle(a,b)
  for i in range(len(c[0])-1):
    print c[1][i],"*",c[0][i] ,"+ ",
  print c[1][len(c[0])-1],"*",c[0][len(c[0])-1]


}}}
{{attachment:akhi6.png}}
== Shuffle Regularization at 0 ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( w=(2,(2..20))):
 a=[0]
 a=a+[1 for i in range(1,w)]
 import itertools
 #this program gives the list of all binary words of weight n and depth k
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, w, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def kbits(n, k):
    result = []
    for bits in itertools.combinations(range(n), k):
        s = ['0'] * n
        for bit in bits:
            s[bit] = '1'
        result.append(''.join(s))
    return result
  def sort(a,l,m):
 b=[]
 n=len(a)
 for i in range(n):
  b.append(a[i])
 for j in range(l-1,-1,-1):
  k=0
  for t in range(m+1):
   for i in range(n):
    if(a[i][j]== t):
     b[k]=a[i]
     k=k+1
  for i in range(n):
   a[i]=b[i]
 return(a)

  def sort1(a,l,m):
 b=[]
 b.append([])
 b.append([])
 n=len(a[0])
 for i in range(n):
  b[0].append(a[0][i])
  b[1].append(a[1][i])
 for j in range(l-1,-1,-1):
  k=0
  for t in range(m+1):
   for i in range(n):
    if(a[0][i][j]== t):
     b[0][k]=a[0][i]
     b[1][k]=a[1][i]
     k=k+1
  for i in range(n):
   a[0][i]=b[0][i]
   a[1][i]=b[1][i]
 return(a)

  def count(a):
 n=len(a)
 b=[]
 b.append(a[0])
 m=[]
 m.append(1)
 c=0
 for i in range(1,n):
  if(a[i]==a[i-1]):
   m[c]=m[c]+1
  else:
   b.append(a[i])
   m.append(1)
   c=c+1
 return(b,m)


  def count1(a):
 n=len(a[0])
 b=[]
 b.append([])
 b.append([])
 b[0].append(a[0][0])
 b[1].append(a[1][0])
 c=0
 for i in range(1,n):
  if(a[0][i]==a[0][i-1]):
   b[1][c]=b[1][c]+a[1][i]
  else:
   b[0].append(a[0][i])
   b[1].append(a[1][i])
   c=c+1

 return(b)
  def shuffle(a,b):
        r=len(a)
        s=len(b)
        # Generating an array of strings containing all combinations of weight r+s and depth s
        M=kbits(r+s,s)
        n=len(M)
        a1= []
        for i in range(n):
                a1.append(list(M[i]))
        # The zeroes are replaced by the entries of a and the ones by the entries of b
        a2= []
        for i in range(n):
                a2.append([])
                count0=0
                count1=0
                for j in range(s+r):
                        if(a1[i][j]=='0'):
                                a2[i].append(a[count0])
                                count0=count0+1
                        if(a1[i][j]=='1'):
                                a2[i].append(b[count1])
                                count1=count1+1
        # Reordering in lexicographic order the entries of a2: this is done by first reordering them according to the last digit, then the next to last digit, etc
        a3=sort(a2,r+s,max(a+b+[0]))
        # Getting the same list without repetitions and with multiplicities
        a4=count(a3)
        return(a4)
  def Regshuf0(a):
        r=[]
        r.append([])
        r.append([])
        t=0
        c=1
        for i in range(len(a)+1):
                if(t==0):
                        b=shuffle(a[:len(a)-i],a[len(a)-i:])
                        for j in range(len(b[0])):
                                r[0].append(b[0][j])
                                r[1].append(b[1][j]*c)
                        c=-c
                        if(i<len(a)):
                                if(a[len(a)-1-i]==1):
                                        t=1
        r=sort1(r,len(a),max(a+[0]))
        r=count1(r)
        rg=[]
        rg.append([])
        rg.append([])
        for i in range(len(r[0])):
                if(r[1][i] is not 0):
                        rg[0].append(r[0][i])
                        rg[1].append(r[1][i])
        return(rg)
  c=Regshuf0(a)
  for i in range(len(c[0])-1):
    if(c[1][i] != 0):
      print c[1][i],"*",c[0][i] ,"+ ",
  if(c[1][len(c[0])-1] != 0):
    print c[1][len(c[0])-1],"*",c[0][len(c[0])-1]


}}}
{{attachment:akhi7.png}}
== Shuffle Regularization at 1 ==
{{{#!sagecell
@interact
def _( w=(2,(2..20))):
 a=[0]
 a=a+[1 for i in range(1,w)]
 import itertools
 #this program gives the list of all binary words of weight n and depth k
 @interact
 def _(v=('word', input_grid(1, w, default=[a], to_value=lambda x: vector(flatten(x))))):
  a=[v[i] for i in range(len(v))]
  def kbits(n, k):
    result = []
    for bits in itertools.combinations(range(n), k):
        s = ['0'] * n
        for bit in bits:
            s[bit] = '1'
        result.append(''.join(s))
    return result
  def sort(a,l,m):
 b=[]
 n=len(a)
 for i in range(n):
  b.append(a[i])
 for j in range(l-1,-1,-1):
  k=0
  for t in range(m+1):
   for i in range(n):
    if(a[i][j]== t):
     b[k]=a[i]
     k=k+1
  for i in range(n):
   a[i]=b[i]
 return(a)

  def sort1(a,l,m):
 b=[]
 b.append([])
 b.append([])
 n=len(a[0])
 for i in range(n):
  b[0].append(a[0][i])
  b[1].append(a[1][i])
 for j in range(l-1,-1,-1):
  k=0
  for t in range(m+1):
   for i in range(n):
    if(a[0][i][j]== t):
     b[0][k]=a[0][i]
     b[1][k]=a[1][i]
     k=k+1
  for i in range(n):
   a[0][i]=b[0][i]
   a[1][i]=b[1][i]
 return(a)

  def count(a):
 n=len(a)
 b=[]
 b.append(a[0])
 m=[]
 m.append(1)
 c=0
 for i in range(1,n):
  if(a[i]==a[i-1]):
   m[c]=m[c]+1
  else:
   b.append(a[i])
   m.append(1)
   c=c+1
 return(b,m)


  def count1(a):
 n=len(a[0])
 b=[]
 b.append([])
 b.append([])
 b[0].append(a[0][0])
 b[1].append(a[1][0])
 c=0
 for i in range(1,n):
  if(a[0][i]==a[0][i-1]):
   b[1][c]=b[1][c]+a[1][i]
  else:
   b[0].append(a[0][i])
   b[1].append(a[1][i])
   c=c+1

 return(b)
  def shuffle(a,b):
        r=len(a)
        s=len(b)
        # Generating an array of strings containing all combinations of weight r+s and depth s
        M=kbits(r+s,s)
        n=len(M)
        a1= []
        for i in range(n):
                a1.append(list(M[i]))
        # The zeroes are replaced by the entries of a and the ones by the entries of b
        a2= []
        for i in range(n):
                a2.append([])
                count0=0
                count1=0
                for j in range(s+r):
                        if(a1[i][j]=='0'):
                                a2[i].append(a[count0])
                                count0=count0+1
                        if(a1[i][j]=='1'):
                                a2[i].append(b[count1])
                                count1=count1+1
        # Reordering in lexicographic order the entries of a2: this is done by first reordering them according to the last digit, then the next to last digit, etc
        a3=sort(a2,r+s,max(a+b+[0]))
        # Getting the same list without repetitions and with multiplicities
        a4=count(a3)
        return(a4)
  def Regshuf1(a):
 r=[]
 r.append([])
 r.append([])
 t=0
 c=1
 for i in range(len(a)+1):
  if(t==0):
   b=shuffle(a[:i],a[i:])
   for j in range(len(b[0])):
    r[0].append(b[0][j])
    r[1].append(b[1][j]*c)
   c=-c
   if(i<len(a)):
    if(a[i]==0):
     t=1
 r=sort1(r,len(a),max(a+[0]))
 r=count1(r)
 rg=[]
 rg.append([])
 rg.append([])
 for i in range(len(r[0])):
  if(r[1][i] is not 0):
   rg[0].append(r[0][i])
   rg[1].append(r[1][i])
 return(rg)
  c=Regshuf1(a)
  for i in range(len(c[0])-1):
    if(c[1][i] != 0):
      print c[1][i],"*",c[0][i] ,"+ ",
  if(c[1][len(c[0])-1] != 0):
    print c[1][len(c[0])-1],"*",c[0][len(c[0])-1]


}}}
{{attachment:akhi8.png}}

Contents

  1. Integer Factorization
    1. Divisibility Poset
    2. Factor Trees
    3. Factoring an Integer
  2. Prime Numbers
    1. Illustrating the prime number theorem
    2. Prime Spiral - Square FIXME
    3. Prime Spiral - Polar
  3. Modular Forms
    1. Computing modular forms
    2. Computing the cuspidal subgroup
    3. A Charpoly and Hecke Operator Graph
  4. Modular Arithmetic
    1. Quadratic Residue Table FIXME
    2. Cubic Residue Table FIXME
  5. Cyclotomic Fields
    1. Gauss and Jacobi Sums in Complex Plane
    2. Exhaustive Jacobi Plotter
  6. Elliptic Curves
    1. Adding points on an elliptic curve
    2. Plotting an elliptic curve over a finite field
  7. Cryptography
    1. The Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol
  8. Other
    1. Continued Fraction Plotter
    2. Computing Generalized Bernoulli Numbers
    3. Fundamental Domains of SL_2(ZZ)
  9. Multiple Zeta Values or Euler-Zagier numbers
    1. Computing Multiple Zeta values (Euler-Zagier numbers)
      1. Word Input
      2. Composition Input
    2. Program to Compute Integer Relation between Multiple Zeta Values (Euler-Zagier numbers)
    3. Word to composition
    4. Composition to Word
    5. Dual of a Word
    6. Shuffle product of two Words
    7. Shuffle Regularization at 0
    8. Shuffle Regularization at 1

Integer Factorization

Divisibility Poset

by William Stein

divposet.png

Factor Trees

by William Stein

factortree.png

More complicated demonstration using Mathematica: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/FactorTrees/

Factoring an Integer

by Timothy Clemans

Sage implementation of the Mathematica demonstration of the same name. http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/FactoringAnInteger/

Prime Numbers

Illustrating the prime number theorem

by William Stein

primes.png

Prime Spiral - Square FIXME

by David Runde

SquareSpiral.PNG

Prime Spiral - Polar

by David Runde

PolarSpiral.PNG

Modular Forms

Computing modular forms

by William Stein

modformbasis.png

Computing the cuspidal subgroup

by William Stein

cuspgroup.png

A Charpoly and Hecke Operator Graph

by William Stein

heckegraph.png

Modular Arithmetic

Quadratic Residue Table FIXME

by Emily Kirkman

quadres.png

quadresbig.png

Cubic Residue Table FIXME

by Emily Kirkman

cubres.png

Cyclotomic Fields

Gauss and Jacobi Sums in Complex Plane

by Emily Kirkman

jacobising.png

Exhaustive Jacobi Plotter

by Emily Kirkman

jacobiexh.png

Elliptic Curves

Adding points on an elliptic curve

by David Møller Hansen

PointAddEllipticCurve.png

Plotting an elliptic curve over a finite field

ellffplot.png

Cryptography

The Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol

by Timothy Clemans and William Stein

dh.png

Other

Continued Fraction Plotter

by William Stein

contfracplot.png

Computing Generalized Bernoulli Numbers

by William Stein (Sage-2.10.3)

bernoulli.png

Fundamental Domains of SL_2(ZZ)

by Robert Miller

fund_domain.png

Multiple Zeta Values or Euler-Zagier numbers

by Akhilesh P.

Computing Multiple Zeta values (Euler-Zagier numbers)

Word Input

akhi1.png

Composition Input

akhi5.png

Program to Compute Integer Relation between Multiple Zeta Values (Euler-Zagier numbers)

akhi10.png

Word to composition

akhi2.png

Composition to Word

akhi3.png

Dual of a Word

akhi4.png

Shuffle product of two Words

akhi6.png

Shuffle Regularization at 0

akhi7.png

Shuffle Regularization at 1

akhi8.png

interact/number_theory (last edited 2020-06-14 09:10:48 by chapoton)